一分钟经理的实践Putting the One Minute Manager to Work azw3 网盘 电子书 下载 全格式

展开

展开

展开

展开

展开

在线阅读地址：一分钟经理的实践Putting the One Minute Manager to Work在线阅读

在线听书地址：一分钟经理的实践Putting the One Minute Manager to Work在线收听

在线购买地址：一分钟经理的实践Putting the One Minute Manager to Work在线购买

PDF下载地址：一分钟经理的实践Putting the One Minute Manager to WorkPDF下载

展开

展开

展开

查看其它书籍精彩书评

• 向西而达---读《亚洲腹地旅行记》&《西域考古记》

  作者：嗨嗨，乐闻！ 发布时间：2020-07-17 11:22:42

  好的书，像那个对的人，行色匆匆之间，惊鸿一瞥，擦肩而过，留下许许的惆怅，回首之间，渺无踪迹，剩下淡淡的感伤。

  经典的书，像笃定的友，山水的阻隔，岁月的变迁，相遇即默契，弹指即一笑。

  今年的读书，是好的，更是经典的。

  到老庄家还书，正在把书插入书架的瞬间，《西域考古记》闯入了视野，格外醒目的柠檬黄，“商务印书馆”之“汉译名著”。

  哦，就是你，2019探寻敦煌，漫漫古道的沙尘尚未涤净，雍容华贵的飞天每每入梦。许多年，在书店里踯躅时，偶尔会翻阅几页，今日终于能一睹为快。

  老庄家的书记听我要借这本书，从书架又取下来一本，“先读这本，千万别给弄丢了哦。”

  哦，是你，《亚洲腹地旅行记》，“斯文·赫定”，似曾相识的作者。

  “一个男孩在童年的时候就已证明了他这一生的志向所在，是何等的开心，而这恰恰是我的福气。”

  “明了”“开心”“福气”，仿佛黎明的第一束光，炫目，耀眼。

  厚厚的38万字的大部头著作，开篇的文字如此洗练，第一句38字，这3个词是如此的乐观、阳光，字里行间充盈着自信、豁达。

  接下来的阅读，如沐春风，如临仙境。

  第一次下载了百度世界地图，跨入1885年，跟随赫定的脚步，从瑞典启程，乘船渡过波罗的海和芬兰湾，乘坐火车，途径莫斯科，抵达高加索山脉北部的弗拉季卡夫卡兹，换乘马车抵达提弗里斯，再次换乘火车到达里海西岸的巴库。数千公里的行程，赫定仅仅用4页的文字，就展示了他第一次向东而往的“出国旅行”：

  “我们的火车像颗子弹，‘嗖’的一声穿过稀疏的松树林、越过肥沃的田野，只见地里即将成熟的秋谷在风中摇曳。”

  “同在一个车厢的是带着老婆孩子跑路的波斯、鞑靼和亚美尼亚的商人，另外还有妙不可言的东方人，不论言谈举止抑或穿着打扮，都优雅如画。”

  “这就是亚洲呀！眼前的景色如此神奇美妙，我怎么看都看不够。我心中已然感觉到，自己即将爱上这片空旷无垠的荒野，而在随后的岁月中，我会一步步向东方靠近。”

  第一次的东行，顺利、顺畅、顺遂。回到大学校园的赫定以他的素描画作插图，出版了他的第一本书。

  1890年4月，赫定作为瑞典王国外交使团的翻译，第二次走入亚洲，由俄国进入中国新疆，抵达中亚名城喀什，1891年1月初返回瑞典。赫定把这一次旅行定义为“亚洲探险的实习时期。”

  “我蠢蠢欲动，只渴望再度踏上那通往无尽荒野的冒险之路。一步一步，我已经越来越深入世界上面积最大的大陆的心脏地区。而现在，唯一能让我心满意足的莫过于涉足以往欧洲人从未去过的路径。”

  1893年，赫定再次东行，穿越吉尔吉斯大草原到塔什干，再经帕米尔高原抵达喀什后，在穿越塔克拉玛干大沙漠时经历了生死考验。

  赫定用了5个章节来详细讲述他的“灾难”：

  “我在日记里写下了自认为此生最后的几行字：‘停在一座高山丘上，骆驼在此无不倒下。我盟用望远镜仔细眺望东方，四面尽是沙山，不见一根草，也不见一丝生命。’”

  “我知道河道几乎是向着正北方向。要到达河的右岸，最短的距离应该是径直向东走。尽管月亮已经升起来，我也一直看着指南针，但总是无意识地朝着东南方向去。我力求抗拒这股力量，可还是无济于事，好像是有一只无形的手在拉着我。”

  在幸运获救之后，赫定达观地称自己“吾乃鲁滨逊。”

  1899年，斯文赫定第四次前往亚洲心脏地带旅行。有瑞典国王和诺贝尔的后援，俄国沙皇提供方便，1901年3月3日，发现并确认楼兰古城遗址。

  “在此之前，世上任何探险家对这座古城的存在一无所知。而我在这里的发现，仿佛使困在魔法树林里的王子沉睡一千年之后又苏醒过来。”

  “我把有关古城的信息尽可能详细地记在我的日记里，包括古城的方位、已被沙漠掩盖的运河、枯死的白杨树大道、干枯的杏树园等等。”

  “直到今天，我仍爱幻想楼兰古城远在公元267年左右盛极一时的诱人魅力，...我还能回想起心中的那份诧异，因为瑞典最古老的刻有北欧古文字的石头，没有一块能比我在楼兰发现的脆弱木杖和碎纸片更久远。”

  开心地读完《亚洲腹地旅行记》，打开《西域考古记》，再一次跟随斯坦因，循着赫定的脚印，走向楼兰古城。

  在《西域考古记》的第一章《亚洲腹部的鸟瞰》，斯坦因从地理学介绍了中亚的详细地貌、气候生物；第二章《中国之经营中亚以及各种文明的接触》，则从历史沿革，人文变迁中揭开亚洲腹地的面纱，资料完整，文字简约，言简意赅，惜墨如金，附注珍贵的照片，我们能感受到作者的扎实的专业训练和深厚的职业素养。

  从第三章到二十一章，斯坦因将1900年至1916年的三次探险，计二万五千英里程途一一道来。相较前两章的鲜明观点和专业分析，剩下的文字单调乏味，唯有黑白的照片引发人无限的凝思和向往。

  读后再阅，才知道《西域考古记》原名《在中亚古道上——在亚洲腹地和中国西北部三次考察活动简述》，脱胎于斯坦因在美国哈佛大学洛维尔研究院的讲演稿，重在通俗易懂。自1936年9月由上海中华书局出版后，这部中译本对我国读者了解斯坦因的考察及搜集资料，推进中国的敦煌学研究起到了非常重要的作用。如果有朝一日斯坦因的学术名著如《古代和田》、《塞林底亚》、《亚洲腹地》等能被译成中文出版，那将是所有读书人的期待。

  《西域考古记》的译者向达在《译者赘言》中讲：“此处所译的即是斯坦因综合他三次中亚探险的结果而写成的一部通俗著作。看过他的专门报告书的，读此固可以流贯前后，得一条理；没有看过的人，读此也就可以得一个梗概。----虽然是以一个一个的题目为单元，而将年代附列于内，并且文章也写得相当枯燥，不如赫定的书之文学上的意味和人文的风趣。”

  “不如赫定的书之文学上的意味和人文的风趣。”-----好中肯的评价。

  带着疑问，来搜索一下“向达。”其人1900年生于湖南溆浦县，1924年毕业于国立东南大学历史系，1925年—1934年任上海商务印书馆编译所编辑。翻译斯坦因的《西域考古记》等。

  1930年，向达到北平任北平图书馆编纂委员会委员，写经组组长。他利用馆藏丰富文献，着重于敦煌俗文学写卷和中西文化交流等领域的研究，所著《唐代长安与西域文明》（1933年刊于《燕京学报》专号），为中外学界瞩目。

  1935年被北平图书馆作为交流研究员派往英、法、德三国著名图书馆研究流失海外的中文古典典籍。在英国牛津大学鲍德里氏图书馆整理中文史籍，抄录《指南正法》、《顺风相送》等中国古籍。1936年到伦敦大不列颠博物馆研究所藏敦煌写卷，著《伦敦所藏敦煌卷子经眼目录》；又到意大利梵蒂冈图书馆抄录来华天主教传教士资料。1937年到德国柏林研究普鲁士科学院所藏中国国西北地区的壁画和写卷。1938年到巴黎法国国立图书馆研究由伯希和剥去的敦煌写卷，之后携带数百万字资料返国。

  瑞典的赫定，立志东行，走前人之未走之路，发现古城楼兰。

  印度斯坦因，认定中亚，四进四出坚定探寻，奠基敦煌学术。

  中国的向达，致力西域，四年漂泊抄写典籍，振兴西域研究。

  泱泱古国华夏，文明之火千年相传，历经了多少风雨坎坷。借助丝绸之路，东方西方文化交融，敦煌遗存了无数精华。东行的赫定，南来的斯坦因，西行的向达，拂去历史封存的尘埃，唤醒人类共同的记忆，何其艰难，何其苦痛。今天的我们能看到千年的传承，理清人文传递的脉络，何其幸运，何其光荣。

  向西而达，同归中亚，传递薪火，照亮华夏。

  https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/MtURbXAPs8bsdJMBGJ8pGA

  展开

• 在这个世界，和父母“遭遇”之后是什么

  作者：徐疯疯 发布时间：2015-08-24 00:09:52

  在写这篇书评之前，我去看了看豆瓣上有名的“父母皆祸害”小组，也意外地发现还有一个“反父母皆祸害”的小组。前者在控诉父母的行为给自己造成的伤害，在积极探讨着反抗，后者在声明“怨恨只会伤害自己，我们有权利拥抱阳光。”到底跟父母是一种什么样态度，因为每一个人的生活境遇的不同，大概都会有不同的模式。

  毋庸置疑的是，我们的父母，我们的原生家庭就像容貌一样，在一开始就植入了我们的基因。甚至我们一生都需要与其斗智斗勇。抛去这些感性的想法，《情感依附》就一本关于家是怎样影响我们一生的一本科学，严谨的例证。

  经过两批研究者，对76个孩子的全程追踪，从婴儿时期的母婴关系，到儿童时期的人格初成，到18岁初成年的精神面貌，再到而立之年的生活状态，总体从四个阶段上预测、观察并总结了家庭对于孩子的影响，甚至还分析了影响这些孩子变化发展的要素。

  一个家庭气氛的融洽，母婴关系是否和谐，对一个孩子情感依附模式的影响是不尽相同的。全书分了五个章节来讲家庭对孩子的影响，第一个章节是关于在良好的家庭关系下成长，情感模式安全，发展也比较成功的案例；第二、三个章节是关于在母亲的有失偏颇的照料下，部分孩子把童年的痛苦被外化（主要表现为多动症、强迫症）、一些孩子的痛苦则被内化（主要表现为抑郁或者是自卑）。

  这本书与我之前经常读到的关于母婴关系的文章不同，虽然它也强调了在早起的母婴互动中，母亲的共情和照料对孩子后期形成的依附模式（安全型、回避型、焦虑型）至关重要，但是也强调了一个和母亲一样有着良好的共情能力的父亲的重要性。不仅如此，通过这本书，我们能看到，在一个人的成长中，影响性格，影响一个人现下生活的状态的因素是极其复杂的。

  在这本书的第五、六章，作者讲诉了一些在童年被认为是妥善照料的孩子在后来的发展中，并不如如人意；有一个案例奥利弗，在成年恋爱后，在男友身上重复着和父亲之间的情感模式。原生家庭对一个人的影响是重要的，一个人如果不能将自己和原来的家庭分离，重新诞生自己，也会终生受着它的桎梏。

  而对一些想要成为父母的人来讲，书中的案例未免不是一个警示。如果真正地想给孩子一个幸福未来，最直接的办法是打理好自己的。第六章讲了之前被认为在童年并没有得到妥善照顾的孩子，在后来的际遇中得到了力量，反而能够理想地生活。在这章中的案例瑞巴，小时候母亲跟她的互动的贫乏也缺少感情，她也曾一度困在对母亲的愤怒以及对着愤怒产生的愧疚中，后来因为哥哥姐姐一句“母亲不是最好的母亲的，她很自私”而从中解脱，更能客观处理对母亲的情感。后来她成了一个能和自己的孩子建立起满意和模范关系的母亲，当年她对自己的母亲的和解也起到了至关重要的作用。

  记得前两年有一句励志鸡汤，大意是二十岁前不好看可以怪父母生的不好看，二十岁后再不好看就要怪自己了。这句话虽然绝对了一些，但也体现出一个道理，有时候我们是能从后来的人生中汲取能量，掌握自己的生命节奏的，也愿所有的人都能在受困厄的生命中找到让生活幸福的出路。

  在合上这本书的时候，我们也应向研究者们致敬。

  展开

• 人而无恒，终身一无所成

  作者：段叶飞 发布时间：2013-03-13 23:45:08

  而立之年，一无所成，每念及此，不免惶惶不安，反思自己为什么会这样。

  偶然读起唐明浩的《曾国藩》传记一书，竟爱不释手，连续熬了几个晚上一口气读完。觉得不过瘾，又开始读《曾国藩家书》。重点看了修身和劝学两篇。民间有传：做官要学曾国藩，经商要学胡雪岩“。正因这句话，让人我这种对为官从政毫无兴趣之人，反而避而远之。做官那一套嘛，大抵心有城府，圆滑世故，说一套做一套。读完这两套书之后，更加深入地了解这个人，就愈发钦佩，深受教导。

  感受最深之处，莫过于一”恒“字。

  回想这么些年，干过多少半途而废的事情。很多事情都是浅尝即止，刚刚开始，就莫名其妙放弃掉。想过读很多系统的代码比如：nginx，apache，linux，lucene等等。总是稍稍看是，马上就无下文。想想真是懊悔不已。在家书中，曾国藩教育自己的弟弟说：

  ”凡人做一事，便须全副精神往此一事，首尾不懈。不可见异思迁，做这样想那样，坐这山望那山。“

  真是金玉良言也。毕业足五年，无甚成果，也是因为无恒。毕业后做p2p,社区，之后又做后台，搞分布式，虚拟机之类。现在才开始做游戏。一晃五年很快过去，从未在某个领域深耕，想想能有成果反倒奇怪。

  痛定思痛，一定要改掉此毛病，向文正公学习，坚持每日写日记，给自己制订专业和读书课程，踏踏实实地求上进。牢记：人而无恒，终身一无所成。

  展开

• 长征修订版勘误

  作者：云归 发布时间：2017-12-04 21:57:32

  展开

• 全书书摘总结

  作者：Siva 发布时间：2017-08-05 16:38:38

  阅读更多

  https://github.com/gaohailang/blog/issues/3

  书籍分为三个部分：

  1 adopt the right mindsets 摆正态度

  包含了识别和集中精力在 high-leverage activity，为学习而优化，优先级」

  2 execute, execute, execute 执行的艺术

  包含了加快迭代速度，为提高而measure衡量，经常和尽早的验证想法，提高项目预估

  3 build long-term value 长期价值

  在质量和实效间权衡，减少手动操作，给团队加把力

  这些习惯来自于reinforced by scientific research, stories from industry, and concrete examples.

  1 focus on high-leverage activities

  - use leverage to measure your engineer effectiveness

  - systematically increase the leverage of your time

  三种方法： 1 find ways to get an activity done more quickly, 2 to increase the impact of an activity, or 3 to shift to activites with higher leverage

  - focus your effort on leverage points / direct energy toward leverage points, not just easy wins

  招聘这件事就是需要花很长时间去做的（Facebook 好几年优化）

  Employees view themselves as the guardians of high standards, and hiring is a top priority for both managers and engineers. 招聘是头等大事. 高标准的守护者。但有些工程师 view recruiting and interviews as distractions from getting their work done. 如submit feedback immediately, first humnaly-possible time slot 如早上8点中午1点等

  同样比尔盖茨在慈善事业上也是. global economy worth ten of trillions of dollars, any philanthropic effort is relatively small. 所以需要 way to put in a dollar of funding or an hour of effort and benefit society by a hundred or a thousand times as much.

  2 optimize for learning 为学习而优化

  - own your story/adopt a growth mindset

  集中在自己能改变的事上，growth mindset，把失败看做提升的机会。

  - don't shorchange your learning rate

  学习也是复利，越积累越学越快的「easier to apply prior insights and lessons new things，为了长期的发展，早期加大学习的投入~

  - find work environments that can sustain your growth/seek work enviroments conducive to learning

  转组前的准备，向同事咨询和找到noboarding的机会，同时看看 how transparent they are internally, how fast they move, what your prospective co-workers are like, and how much autonomy you'll have. 六大因素for supporting high personal and professional growth rate. 1 fast growth, 2 training, 3 openess, 4 people, 5 pace,节奏 6 autonony

  节奏： • What percentage of time is spent on maintenance versus developing new products and features?

  节奏： • What tools does the team use to increase iteration speed?

  people： • Are there skills they can teach you?

  openness： • Do teams meet to reflect on whether product changes and feature launches were worth the effort? Do they conduct post-mortems after outages? 「迭代的思路去提升而不是一开始就寻求最佳实践等」

  - capitalize on opportunities at work to improve your technical skills/dedicate time on the job to develop new skills

  利用工作提供的机会来提升，如阅读你同事好的工程师的代码让他们code-review，参加公司的培训，公司出钱参加的课程和书籍等

  Study code for core abstractions written by the best engineers at your company.

  Write more code.

  Go through any technical, educational material available internally

  Master the programming languages that you use

  .

  Send your code reviews to the harshest critics

  Enroll in classes on areas where you want to improve. [coursera, edx, udemy

  , udacity

  ]

  Participate in design discussions of projects you’re interested in [

  Ask project leads if they’d mind you being a silent observer or even a participant in a design meeting

  ]

  Work on a diversity of projects [

  interleaved practice

  of different skills is more effective than repeated,

  massed practice

  of a single skill at preparing people to tackle unfamiliar problems.]

  Make sure you’re on a team with at least a few senior engineers whom you can learn from.

  Jump fearlessly into code you don’t know.

  - locate learning opportunities outside of the workplace / always be learning

  每天都提高1%，不必都是工程软件相关的，其他领域的都可以。因为更愉悦的学习者长期有益于成为高效的工程师

  在工作之外找到学东西

  - learn new programming languages and framework

  new skills can expand your mind and teach you how to think in different ways.

  - invest in skills that are in high demand 如看看job posting中，看业界潮流，如深度学习和mobile development等

  - read books

  Bill Gates reads a lot and mostly non-fiction, using books to discover how the world works. 速度2-3x faster提升，同时作者给出了书单

  - join a discussion group

  I’m a part of a few book clubs and reading groups that meet regularly for discussion at cafes and apartments.如本杰明富兰克林就参加很多这样的来 discuss and debate morals, politics, or natural philosophy.

  - attend talks, conferences, and meetups

  - build and maintain a strong network of relationships

  Lucky people dramatically increase the possibility of a lucky chance encounter by meeting a large number of people in their daily lives. 书籍 the luck factor 中有

  - follow bloggers who teach

  - write to teach

  帮助你更好的理解你熟悉的东西（甚至帮助你自己reflecting和学习）.

  - tinker on side projects

  打磨技术，articularly in areas of interest that you don’t typically engage in at work.跨界.

  - pursue what you love

  不要passive time spent aimlessly surfing TV channels or the web.

  3 Prioritize Regularly

  - track to-dos in a single, easily accessible list

  - focus on what directly produces value

  - focus on the important and non-urgent

  - protect your maker's schedule

  - limit the amount of work in progress

  - fight procrastination with if-then plans

  - make a routine of prioritization

  讲grow product's user. 增长团队。 deciated to the art of science of user growth, 优化how users flow into and out a product. 同时 data and metrics数据和指标，同时 run endless user experiments and optimizing conversion rates. 需要结合 engineering, data and product marketing to build their strategies. 和普通工程团队一样需要 building experimention frameworks, and analyzing metrics 同时不一样的是： the list of ideas for driving traffic and growth is extremely open-ended and spans virtually the entire product.

  最重要的是找到方法让做优先级和todolist成为习惯！

  prioritizing 很难因为它本身不create anything，而且消耗精力。不需要一直做。但是if have certian personal or professional goals that you want to achieve, prioritiization has very high leverage. - see its outsized impact on your ability to get the right things done.

  4 invest in iteration speed

  - the faster you can interate, the more you can learn

  - invest in time-saving tooling

  - optimze your debuging workflow [don't underestimate how much time get spent validating that your code works]

  the extra investment in setting up a minimal debugging workflow can help you fix annoying bug sonner and with less headache. 建立最小可用debug流程帮助快速进入诊断问题

  - master the fundamentals of your crafts [development environment 熟悉开发环境， pay off dividends throughout your career]

  知道如何在IDE/editor 中完成下面的事情：

  Compiling or building code

  Running a unit test or program

  Reloading a web page on a development server with new changes

  Testing out the behavior of an expression

  Looking up the documentation for a certain function

  Jumping to a function definition

  Reformatting code or data in text editor

  Finding the callers of a function

  Rearranging desktop windows

  Navigating to a specific place within a file

  其他相关事：

  Learn at least one productive, high-level programming language.

  Prefer the keyboard over the mouse

  Automate yoru manual workflow

  Test out ideas on an interactive interpreter

  Make it fast and easy to run just the unit tests associated with your current changes.

  - take a holistic view of your iteration loop [don't ignore any organizational and team-related bottlenecks that may be within your circle of influence] 提升公司与组织层面上的如infra，利用你影响力能触达的

  5 measure what you want to improve

  - measure your progress

  because it’s hard to measure a goal doesn’t mean that it’s not worthwhile to do so.

  常常问自己. is there some way to measure the progress of what i'm doing. 如果我做的无法 move a core metric, is it worth doing, or is there a missing key metric?

  - carefully choose your top-level metric

  the right metrics functions as North Star.

  1 hours worked per week vs. productivity per week

  2 click-through rates vs long click-through rates

  3 average response time vs 95yh or 99th percentile respopnse times [To decrease the 95th or 99th percentile, however, you’ll need to hunt down the worst-case behaviors in your system.]

  4 bugs fixed vs bugs outstanding

  5 registered users vs. weekly growth rate of registered user

  6 Weekly active users vs. weekly active rate by age of cohort [防止哪种用了不用的人- measure the fraction of users who are still weekly actives the nth week after signing up]

  a metric that, when optimized, maximizes impact for the team. [whether it’s products sold, rentals booked, content generated, or something else—enables you to compare the output of disparate projects and helps your team decide how to handle externalities]

  An actionable metric is one whose movements can be causally explained by the team’s efforts. 而不是哪种 page views, registered users count 等「可能是之前的报道引流的」，观察 things like signup conversion rate, or the percentage of registered users that are active weekly over time

  A responsive metric updates quickly enough to give feedback about whether a given change was positive or negative

  - instrument your system

  [The easier it is to instrument more metrics, the more often you’ll do it.] 使用Open-source tools like Graphite, StatsD, InfluxDB, Ganglia, Nagios, and Munin make it easy to monitor systems in near real-time.

  The first describes a high-level, big-picture activity, whereas the second is about gaining insight into what’s going on with systems that we’ve built. 你的系统需要越多越全面越好的instrument.

  Once they had some visibility into what was happening, they were able to add caching to bring down load times from 8 seconds down to 2, fix bugs to reduce error rates down from an egregious 6% to 0.5%. 建立dashboard 等

  They measure everything including “numbers of new registrations, shopping carts, items sold, image uploaded, forum posts, and application errors.” By graphically correlating these metrics with the times of code deployments, they’re able to quickly spot when a certain deployment goes awry.

  At Google, site reliability engineers use a monitoring system called Borgmon to collect, aggregate, and graph metrics and to send alerts when it detects anomalies.

  Twitter built a distributed platform called Observability to collect, store, and present a volume of 170 million individual metrics per minute

  LinkedIn developed a graphing and analytics system called inGraphs that lets engineers view site dashboards, compare metrics over time, and set up threshold-based alerts, all with a few lines of configuration

  - know your numbers [方便获取数据]

  - prioritize data integrity [bad data 可能会让你做出错误的决定]

  譬如 common latency numbers（见系统优化）

  6 validate your ideas early and often

  - approach a problem iteratively to reduce wasted effort.

  拆分到多个MVP迭代特性不要逞强

  -

  Reduce the risk of large implementations by using small validations

  - use a/b testing to continuously validate your product hypotheses

  - when working on a solo project, find ways of soliciting regular feedback

  - adopt a willingness to validate your decisions

  建立反馈机制用于收集数据来验证你工作价值和有效性

  7 improve your project estimation skills

  - incorporate estimates into the project plan

  Don’t let a desired target dictate the estimates.明确特定功能特性上线时间

  - allow buffer room for the unknown in the schedule

  - define measurable milestones

  - do the riskest takes first

  Reduce variance in your estimates and risk in your project by exploring the unknown early on 先做风险大的来提前暴露出unknown.

  - Approach rewrite projects with extreme caution

  - know the limits of overtime / don't sprint in the middle of a Marathon

  [Work overtime only if you’re confident that it will enable you to finish on time.]

  8 balance quality with pragramtism

  - establish a culture of reviewing code

  - invest in good software abstractions to simplify difficult problems

  - scale code quality with automated testing

  大胆重构前先要建立 suite of unit and integration tests. alleviate the fear of modifying what might otherwise be brittle code.

  - manage your technical debt

  不要花太多时间在maintain一个软件上。 if you spend all your resources paying off interest on your debt, you won't have enough time left to work on new things. focus on the debt that oncurs the most interest.

  9 minimize operational burden

  - do the simple thing first/embrace operational simplicity

  Simple solutions impose a lower operational burden because they’re easier to understand, maintain, and modify

  When you first start off trying to solve a problem, the first solutions you come up with are very complex, and most people stop there. But if you keep going, and live with the problem and peel more layers of the onion off, you can oftentimes arrive at some very elegant and simple solutions.

  - fail fast to pinpoint the source of errors/ build systems to fail fast

  系统有问题就尽早报错loudly！

  - automate mechanics over decision-making

  为什么不把自动化做了？ 短期没时间，能每一次都花10分钟会让人麻木而不去话一小时去构建自动化（其他如lack familiarity with automation tools, individuals act rationally according to their own self-interest but contrary to the group’s best long-term interests）

  distinguished between two types of automation: automating mechanics and automating decision-making. Automating the right decisions to make, particularly in the context of building systems that can heal and repair themselves when things go wrong, turns out to be much more challenging. 譬如LB一台机器挂了把流量全部导入到另一台会打死剩下的机器

  Validating that a piece of code, an interaction, or a system behaves as expected

  Extracting, transforming, and summarizing data

  Detecting spikes in the error rate

  Building and deploying software to new machines

  Capturing and restoring database snapshots

  Periodically running batch computations

  Restarting a web service

  Checking code to ensure it conforms to style guidelines

  Training a machine learning model

  Managing user accounts or user data

  Adding or removing a server to or from a group of services

  - aim for idompotence and reentrancy/make batch processes idempotent

  One technique to make batch processes easier to maintain and more resilient to failure is to make them idempotent. 让脚本执行多次也是冥等的[如网络问题，数据量大奔溃，服务没起来等]

  Perhaps it generates a monthly analytics report, produces a new search index, or archives stale user data. the ability to run infrequent processes at a more frequent rate than strictly necessary, to expose problems sooner.

  - plan and practice failure modes

  10 invest in your team's growth

  - help the people around you be successful

  - making hiring a priority

  - invest in onboarding and mentoring

  - build shared ownership of code / AB岗位

  When you’re the bottleneck for a project, you lose your flexibility to work on other things. High-priority bugs get routed to you more frequently because your expertise enables you to fix them faster.

  Avoid one-person teams.

  Review each other’s code and software designs.

  Rotate different types of tasks and responsibilities across the team.

  Keep code readable and code quality high.

  Present tech talks on software decisions and architecture.

  Document your software, either through high-level design documents or in code-level comments.

  Document the complex workflows or non-obvious workarounds necessary for you to get things done.

  Invest time in teaching and mentoring other team members.

  - debrief and document collective wisdom

  去询问 what worked and what didn't work. document and share the lessons so that valuable wisdom doesn't get lost

  - create a great engineer culture

  Appendix 作者书单，好的blogger

  PS：

  holy grails

  idempotent

  disparate

  holistic 全面的

  back-of-the-envelope calculation 粗略计算

  brittle 易碎的

  debrief 询问

  ramp up

  measles 麻疹

  philanthropic 慈善的

  jeopardy

  展开