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• 一期一会-日系人像摄影

  作者：喵娜丽莎 发布时间：2018-09-11 12:33:16

  日系摄影相比于欧美系摄影更小清新，更讲究发现生活中的细节和美，日本茶道文化中有一句“一期一会，世当珍惜”，一期说的就是人的一生，一会说的就是一次机会，提醒我们有些时刻，人的一生可能仅遇到一次，所以我们要珍惜每一个瞬间的机缘，好好铭记。这个也和日系摄影的精髓是一样的发现生活的美，将生命中美好的事情记录下来。

  每个成功摄影师都会有一套自己的拍摄流程和技巧，从拍摄前她们就已经开始构思，如何讲述一个故事，灵感可能来自于一首歌、一场电影、一张照片，摄影师都拥有一双发现事物美的眼睛。每一次系列的拍摄，都应该准备一个脚本，这样才能拍出一组生动的照片，整体来说，拍摄一组好的人像照片除了拥有一台适合自己的相机和镜头，更多的是要形成属于自己的风格，但是其中有很多基础知识是共同的，比如对于照片的构图、光线、色彩的理解和运用，引导模特的情绪、怎么让模特摆姿势、选择与拍摄故事相匹配的道化服、后期制作等。上述所说的光线、模特状态、道化服的运用都是一体的，所以在制定拍摄方案时就要根据定的主题将相关的因素全部考虑进去。

  一、选择的相机和镜头

  相机最好选择全画幅，镜头使用最多的焦段是FE35、50、85，变焦的话可以选择16-35，光圈最好大点，方便控制景深，使用大光圈可以使背景虚化。

  二、形成自己的风格

  1、树立偶像，多模仿偶像的风格，可以是多个偶像，寻找偶像身上自己喜欢的风格和特点，慎重将他们组合起来。

  2、多看好的作品，平时就要养成收集的习惯，将自己喜欢的作品都收集起来，定期翻阅，学习他的构图、色调、布景等。

  3、从生活中的点滴出发，身边发生的任何一件小事都值得被记录，可以把他们都记录下来，就像收集电影脚本一样。

  4、不断的去模仿-练习-修正-再模仿-再练习-再修正，在我们的学习过程中，会自己形成一套习惯和方式，比如自己喜欢的构图方式、主题等，也会产生属于自己的审美，比如自己喜欢的色彩、道化服等，这个时候你的风格就自然也就形成了。

  5、照片是摄影师情感的载体，当摄影师有了属于自己的风格后，其实我们是可以从照片中看出摄影师是一个怎么样的人，他的世界观，他的价值观，照片是摄影师内心世界的自我折射。

  三、构图

  我之前在另一本书里看到一个作者整理过，常见的基础构图大概有15种，人像拍摄中最常用的是对称式构图、九宫格构图、对角线构图、框架式构图和三角形构图。

  1、对称式构图时可以是中心对称或两边对称。

  

  2、九宫格构图时尽量不要将人物放在中间，要放在井字的四个交叉点上。

  

  3、对角线构图时可以利用身体或道具在画面中间形成一条对角线。

  

  4、框架式构图，任何一切物体的空漏、缝隙都是为了替主角服务的。

  

  5、三角形构图，可以是任何三角形形状，利用三个支点形成三角形，将三角形或三角形形成的空间作为拍摄的主要位置。

  

  照片中的分层，这个也是属于构图的元素之一，专业名词叫“场景调度”，一般分为前景、中景、还有背景。

  1、前景

  给观众创造一个由浅到深的视觉角度，让画面显得有层次感，选择合适的元素作为前景，由远到近，逐步筛选是带景人像拍摄的一种技巧，多尝试不同的拍摄角度，发现更多人物与环境的关系，可以带来构图上的多变感。

  常见的前景动态有：

  A、遮挡式前景，可以是花朵、窗帘、门框等任意元素作为。

  

  B、延伸式前景，可以是墙面、地板、沙丘、栏杆等周围有规律的线条、元素作为。

  

  C、框架式前景，框架式有点类似于遮挡式，只是它遮挡的面积较大，可以是窗框、篱笆的间隔，主要目的是为了将人物“框住”。

  D、梦幻式前景，比如反射光、水珠、烟幕玻璃门窗等。

  

  2、中景

  主角往往都被安排在这一层，前后景都是为了替主角服务的。

  3、背景

  最后一层，背景更多的目的是为了留白，创造视觉上的空间感，称为“负向空间”，所以除了实体的背景之外，也可以是自己元素—天空、大海、土地、森林、草原等。

  对于构图平时就要养成一套好的拍摄流程，可以通过分镜来完成，大全景、全景、远景、中景、近景、特写等不同视角，这样既能练习构图，又可以让观众更直观的了解场景中物景关系与变化。

  四、光线

  有光，照片才有灵魂，光源又分自然光和人造光，拍摄更棒的一定是自然光，一天中不同的时间段，不同的天气，都能给拍摄带来不同的效果和意境，光是带有脾气的，就和人一样。光的强度就是光的硬度，硬光是指不加任何柔化介质的直射光，特点是可以让被摄体产生很清晰的轮廓，明暗反差大。软光是指散色光，不会明显产生阴影的柔和光线，特点是没有明显的方向性，亮度均匀柔和。拍摄也分室外拍摄和室内拍摄。

  1、室外拍摄

  一天中最适合拍摄的时间是上午八点到十一点，下午两点到五点，这两个时间段的光线基本上都是45度侧面光，适合人像。中午的阳光最烈，不适合拍照，最好避开。日落时分的光线基本上是90度侧面光，光线的色温较高，是暖黄色的色调，这个时候适合逆光拍摄，也称魔力时间。夜晚时分可以在各种迷人的霓虹灯光下制造不一样的意境。

  

  

  不用的天气可以营造不同的氛围，阴天不容易受到光线角度的影响，适合全天拍摄。雨天适合拍摄忧伤的题材，雨后的时间也适合拍摄，拍出的照片非常有层次感，也很通透。

  2、室内拍摄

  在室内拍摄尽量选择靠近窗户的位置，这样采光更自然，也可以利用窗户制造场景，室内更多使用的是人造光，摄影灯、反光板、柔光罩、闪光灯灯制造不同的光源。其实无论是室内拍摄还是室外拍摄，自然光还是人造光，拍摄中最重要的是捕捉模特的眼神光，眼睛是心灵的窗户，眼神光可以更好地刻画人物神态，使照片变“活”。

  除了光的软硬，不同时间点、不同的天气外，光还具备方向的特性，有顺光、侧光、顶光、逆光。

  1、顺光是指光源在被摄体的正面，特点是可以让色彩和细节都得到充分的展示，但是缺乏层次感。

  

  2、侧光是指光源大约在被摄体正面45度位置，侧光又分前侧光和侧逆光，特点是明暗度可以产生鲜明的对比，使画面充满质感，但是摄影色度不太好掌握。

  

  

  

  3、顶光是指光源在被摄体的头顶位置，应尽量避免这个光线位置时进行摄影。

  4、逆光也就是背光，是指光源在被摄体的后面位置。这个光源适合拍摄剪影，相机数值不太好控制，这个时间段可以拍出更多的梦幻效果，光斑式逆光、白雾化逆光、夕阳型逆光等。

  

  能够利用好光线外，还要学会利用光影，光影是迷人的，光和影，一明一暗，凝聚着摄影的魅力。照片中平面与立面的差别，其实就是对光影的运用，阴影的存在使物体产生了立体空间感。

  

  五、色彩

  色彩最重要的是帮助我们表达情感，每一种不同的颜色，颜色所占的比重、色温，直接传达画面的基调和意境，色彩也是个人风格最重要的组成部分之一，说是最重要都不为过，一名好的摄影师，他也一定是一位厉害的修图大师。色彩直接可以显示作者的脾气和性格，也是最好识别的个人标识。

  色彩是有属性的，每一种颜色都由色相、饱和度和明度三个维度组成。色相是指色彩的本质，是区别颜色与颜色之间最直观的感受。饱和度是指色彩的鲜艳程度。明度是指色彩的亮度。色彩之间也存在着和谐关系，三原色是三个不可分解的基础色，它们可以混合出其他任何一种颜色。不同比例的混合，可以使颜色产生互补色或者类似色，搭配颜色时，可以使用互补色或者类似色，但是一张照片的搭配色最多不要超过三种，主色块越少，照片越显干净。有时黑白照也能产生别样的味道，更容易表现明暗对比和线条。

  

  六、模特

  一般被摄者都是普通人，对着镜头都容易变的拘谨，不能展示轻松的一面，所以摄影师一定要做好引导者的工作，在在拍摄前就可以和模特沟通，确定照片的主题与风格。拍摄时和模特多互动、多表扬、多夸赞，这个步骤要贯穿整个过程，要将彼此的关系转化为像朋友一样，不是摄影与被摄影的关系，可以让模特做自己喜欢的事情，比如画画、翻书、走路，自然状态下的拍摄最打动人心。

  拍摄中可以摆放的姿势：

  1、身体线条的把握，A字形、C字形、L字形、普通站姿（不要驼背）、有寻找支撑点站立、坐、躺、奔跑跳跃（抓拍）

  

  

  

  

  

  

  2、眼神传达，仰头、低头、直视镜头、回眸

  3、手的姿势，手与头部的互动、手与嘴部的互动

  

  4、细节，锁骨、背景

  拍摄主题性照片时，最好能够各种场景结合、动静兼顾，可以提前多准备一些写真照片，提供模特参考，多增强自己的抓拍能力，才能更好的引导模特，完成拍摄。

  七、道化服景

  道化服景的选择基本决定拍摄风格和情感基调。

  1、服装

  人物才是拍摄的主题，所有的服装都是起辅助作用，可以根据环境的色系选择衣服，也可以利用互补色或类似色来搭配。环境颜色多，就穿浅色，环境颜色少，就穿深色。可以根据不同的场景，选择不同的小道具，也要根据环境周围的环境因素，选择相关的服饰，在欧洲可以穿牛仔裤+小礼帽，在小森林可以穿风衣+双肩包。

  

  2、道具

  使用加分的道具，可以是食物、伞、花、书、报纸、相机、吹泡泡、乐器、帽子，利用好道具不仅可以制造前景，还可以让画面更具故事性。

  

  

  

  3、场景

  场景选择对拍摄主题尤为重要，这个故事会在哪里发生，这个故事为什么会发生，室外的场景更多的是要注重光线条件，如果是纪念学生时代，学校和游乐场是最好的选择。室内取景更要关注的是空间问题，室内场景也可以是路边的书店、咖啡店、店铺门口、面包店。室外的拍摄能够使拍摄更自然、生动，所以还是尽量以室外取景为主，取景的地方可以是校园、天台、小树林、海边、花丛、小公园、水族馆、游乐场、天桥、小巷。

  

  

  4、化妆

  妆容要和主题相匹配，尽量选择和服饰、场景一致的颜色，当下的妆容要符合当下的情绪。

  

  八、灵感

  理论人人都看得懂，但是经验是靠自己累积的，有了经验才会有创意，平时就要多收集灵感来源，可以是一首歌、一个故事，一件生活小事、一部电影，拍摄就是演绎生活的剧本，自己就是导演，注意身边的细节。根据不同的主题，选择合适的场景、基调，只有不段的实践，灵感才会像水龙头一样的打开，要把每一次拍摄当作演绎一个故事对待。

  九、后期

  后期涉及的方面太多，我这里就不再赘述，练习调色，对于摄影都是一门非常重要的学问，这个就像咖啡，虽然都是咖啡，有人喜欢美式，有人拿铁，更有人喜欢花式咖啡，除了Ps，现在手机App上也有许多优秀的后期软件，有Vsco、snapseed、Gudak Cam、美食相机、黄油相机、一闪、TadAA、polaroid Fx。

  希望看完这些后，你会对日系人像拍摄有更多的了解，也喜欢上人像拍摄，那么让我们一期一会，一起珍惜。

  以上内容整理于啾啾秋秋酱的《一期一会》，照片也扫于此书。

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• 喜欢这本书

  作者：晋曲梦魂 发布时间：2009-05-01 20:25:50

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• 实质是写给中学以上

  作者：YY 发布时间：2015-11-13 08:26:46

  即大学的作文教法，但对中学也有裨益，居然要150个字符。真的写不到那么多字啊，请告诉我怎么办？

  写作文最怕要写很多字，明明我已经把意思表达得很清楚了，词达而已，孔子也这样认为啊，真的是太不人性了。我最讨厌凑字数了。

  所以说啊，很多限制会让人失去表达的欲望。尤其是现在，我可能再也不会写书评了！

  有点生气了，紫薯布丁还是不够！

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• 治愈系纯爱小说，好看但是也就是好看而已

  作者：雪代缘 发布时间：2010-10-15 13:02:40

  在地铁上看完的，很舒畅，因为这类小说好看的原因之一就是不用动脑子。淡淡的爱情，很暖很温馨，有种宿命相逢的很踏实的感觉，最终的反派也走上正途了（汗。。。），所以这个小说里没有真正的反派。

  中间的矛盾纠结在我这个神经大条的人看来有点勉强。

  总之小说不错，适合心情不好的时候看。但是，要说特别印象深刻倒是也没有。有点感慨美国文化的本质，崇尚自由啦尊重人性啦，即使是这类通俗小说也包含这种意识。想起以前看的后宫文，为了表现君主对某女主的宠爱，不惜各种贬低、虐待其他配角，这种意识其实很不好。所以我们自己的文化不先进，得不到普遍的认同，难怪会被人家文化侵略。很多人还表示美军打来要去帮他们开路。。。这就是文化侵略的可怕之处。

  说多了。

  总之我们自己要加油啊，哪怕是随便一本畅销小说也应该要各方面拿得出门去才行。

  说多了。。。

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• 这个暑假读完后做的摘抄

  作者：avaricious 发布时间：2008-08-22 19:49:41

  The population of the world is rising very fast.

  I can't understand why he is being so selfish. He isn't usually like that.

  I was walking along the road when I saw Dave. So I stopped and we had a chat.

  Ow, I have cut my finger.

  The road is closed. There has been an accident.

  The police have arrested two men in connection with the robbery.

  Have you ever eaten caviar?(in your life)

  Everything is going well. We haven't had any problem so far.

  I am hungry. I have not eaten anything since breakfast.

  It is the first time he has driven a car.

  This is a lovely meal.It is the first good meal I've had for ages.

  =============================================================0712

  You are out of breath. Have you been running?

  Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?

  I have been talking to Carol about the problem and she thinks that...

  Tim is still watching television.He's been watching television all day.

  Debbie is a very good tennis player. She's been playing since she was eight.

  I've been learning English for a long time.

  How long have you been driving? Since I was 17.

  What are you doing this evening?

  Alex is getting married next month.(Do not use "will" to talk about what you have arranged to do)

  Look at those black clouds! It's going to rain.

  I feel terrible. I think I'm going to be sick.

  ======================================================================7.17

  I've tried to advise her but she won't listen.(=somebody refuses to listen)

  I hope Carol phones this evening.

  I hope it doesn't rain tomorrow.(After i hope, we generally use the present)

  Don't phone Ann now. She'll be busy.(=I know she'll be busy now)

  Don't phone me between 7 and 8. We 'll be having dinner then.

  Let't wait for Mary to arrive and then we'll have dinner.

  A: Will you be passing the post office when you're out?

  B: Probably. Why?

  A: I need some stamps. Could you get me some?

  A:Will you be using your bicycle this evening?

  B:No. Do you want to borrow it?(You can use will you be -ing? to ask about somebody's plans, especially if you want something or want them to do something.)

  Next year they will have been married for 25 years.

  We are late. The film will already have started by the time we get to the cinema.

  =======================================================================7.18

  I haven't been able to sleep recently.

  My grandfather could speak five languages.(somebody had the general ability)

  The fire spread through the building quickly but everybody was able to escape.everybody managed to escape.

  They didn't want to come with us at first but we managed to persuade them.

  (talking about what happened in a particular situation, we use the two idoms above instead of "could" )

  I'm so angry with him. I could kill him!

  Why did you stay at a hotel when you went to New York? You could have stayed with Barbara.

  The situation was bad but it could have been worse.

  You did very well to pass the exam. I'm sure I couldn't have passed it.

  If I knew them better, I might invite them to dinner(we use only "might" when the situation is not real)

  What shall we do? shall we walk?

  We might as well. It's a nice day and I don't want to wait here for an hour.

  What time are you going?

  Well, I'm ready, so I might as well go now.

  The buses are so expensive these days, you might as well get a taxi.

  (We) might as well do something=(We) should do something because there is nothing better to do and there is no reason not to do so.

  What do I have to do to get a driving licence?

  I got up very early because I had to get ready to go away. But in fact it didn't take me long to get ready. So I needn't have got up so early. I could have stayed in bed longer.(本不需要)

  ==================================================================================7.19

  It was a great party last night. You should have come.

  It's 10 o'clock and he's still in the bed. It's time he got up.

  It's time the children were in bed. It's long after their bedtime.

  The windows are very dirty. I think it's time we cleaned them.(代表了一种抱怨和批评)

  Do you think you could(not "can") lend me some money until next week?

  Can I have these postcards, please?

  Can I have the salt, please?

  You look tired. I'll get you a cup of coffee.

  What would you do if you won a million pounds?(不可能的情况时用过去式)

  If you were in my position, what would you do?

  If I had known you were in hospital, I would have gone to visit you.

  It would be nice to have a holiday but we can't afford it.

  ================================================================================7.20

  Can I help you, madam? No, thank you. I'm being served.

  Let's go and see that film. It's supposed to be very good.

  I'd better hurry. It's nearly 8 o'clock and I'm supposed to be meeting Ann at 8:15.

  The train was supposed to arrive at 11:30 but it was an hour late.

  You were supposed to clean the windows. Why didn't you do it?

  You are not supposed to park your car here. It's private parking only.

  Mr Bond is much better after his illness but he's still not supposed to do any heavy work.

  Jill had the roof repaired.(=she arranged for somebody else to repair it)

  I think you should had your hair cut.

  Are you going to repair the car yourself? No, I'm going to have it repaired.

  George had his nose broken in a fight.

  Have you ever had your passport stolen?(Usually what happens is not nice)

  ==============================================================================7.21

  Unit52~Unit57

  verb后的各种形式变换。

  ==============================================================================

  I prefer this coat to the coat you were wearing yesterday.

  I prefer driving to travelling by train.

  I prefer to drive rather than travel by train.

  Ann prefers to live in the country rather than (live) in a city.

  Would you prefer tea or coffee? Coffee, please.

  Shall I stay here? I'd rather you came with us.(When you want somebody to do something, say I'd rather you did sth.)

  I'd rather cook the dinner now.

  I'd rather you cooked the dinner now.

  Do you mind if I smoke? I'd rather you didn't.

  She is used to driving on the left.

  I used to drive to work every day, but these days I usually go by bike.

  Have you succeeded in finding a job yet?

  They insisted on paying for the meal.

  I'm thinking of buying a house.

  I wouldn't dream of asking them for money.

  She doesn't approve of gambling.

  We have decided against moving to London.

  I'm looking forward to meeting her.

  She apologised to me for not telling the truth.

  I congratulated Ann on passing the exam.

  They accused me of telling lies.

  Nobody suspected the man of being a spy.

  What prevented him from coming to see us?

  The police stopped everyone from leaving the building.

  I forgot to thank them for helping me.

  Please forgive me for not writing to me.

  They warned us against buying the car.

  You can't stop me doing what I want.

  I was accused of telling lies.

  They man was suspected of being a spy.

  We were warned against buying the car.

  ================================================================================7.26

  There is nothing you can do about the situation, so it's no use worrying about it.

  It's no good trying to persuade me. You won't succeed.

  I live only a short walk from here, so it's not worth taking a taxi.

  I don't think newspapers are worth reading.

  People often have great difficulty reading my writing.

  I'm sure you'll have no difficulty passing the exam.

  It was a waste of time reading that book. It was rubbish.

  It's a waste of money buying things you don't need.

  I waste a lot of time daydreaming.

  She was too busy doing other things.

  Do you have much opportunity to practise your English?

  I'm going to Spain for a holiday. What would you like for dinner? Let's go to the pool for a swim.

  I'm going to Spain to learn Spanish.What would you like to eat? Let's go to the pool to have a swim.

  The knife is only for cutting bread.

  It is different to understand him.=He is difficult to understand.

  If I have any more news, you will be the first person to know.

  The next train to arrive at platform 4 will be the 6.50 to Cardiff.

  Everybody was late except me. I was the only one to arrive on time.

  She is very intelligent. She's sure to pass the exam.

  I'm likely to be late home this evening.=I will probably be late home.

  I was afraid to go near the dog because I was afraid of being bitten.

  I'm trying to sell my car but nobody is interested in buying it.

  I was interested(surprised) to hear that Diane has got a new job.

  Ask George for his opinion. I would be interested to know what he thinks.=it would be interested for me to know.

  ======================================================================================7.27

  Can you smell something burning?

  I found Sue in my room reading my letters.

  She is in the bar having a drink.

  A man ran out of the house shouting.

  Jim hurt his arm playing tennis.

  Did you cut yourself shaving?

  After finishing her work, she went home.

  (以上多用于写作英语)

  It was a good suggestion.

  It was good advice.

  Paris is the capital of France.

  Our train leaves from Platform 5.

  Have you got these shoes in size 43?

  (In the same way, we say: Room 126,Page 29)

  Unit77,the的各种用法。

  ========================================================================8.6

  a means of transport & many means of transport

  a species of bird &200 species of bird

  Twenty thousand pounds was stolen in the robbery.

  Three years is a long time to be without a job.

  Six miles is a long way to walk every day.

  a swimming pool

  a three-hour journey

  a four-week English course

  a three-page letter

  It was a good idea of Tom's to go swimming.

  That woman over there is a friend of my sisiter's.

  It might rain. I'll take an umbrella with me.(not with myself)

  You must try and concentrate.

  Do you feel nervous? Yes, I can't relax.

  He got up, washed, shaved and dressed. But we say 'I dried myself'

  We spend all day/the whole day on the beach.

  =======================================================8.7

  The woman I wanted to see was away.

  The dress Ann bought doesn't fit her very well.

  Mary has three brothers, all of whom are married.

  They asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn't answer.

  Sue has a lot of friends, many of whom she was at school with.

  The road joining the two villagtes is very narrow.

  I live in a pleasant room overlooking the garden.

  Can you think of the name of a flower beginning with "T"?

  There was a big red car parked outside the house.

  Adjective like new/large/round/wooden are fact adjectives. They tell us factual information about age,size,colour etc.

  Adjective like nice/beautiful are opinion adjectives. They tell us somebody thinks of something or somebody.

  Opinion adjectives usually go before fact adjectives.

  Often we use quite with a positive idea and rather with a negative idea:

  She's quite intelligent but rather lazy.

  When we use rather with positive word, it means'unusually' or 'surprisingly'.

  These oranges are rather nice. Where did you get them?

  Ann didn't like the book but I thought it was rather interesting.

  ================================================================8.11

  Their house is about three times as big as ours.

  Ann's salary is the same as mine.

  Ann gets the same salary as me.

  Tom is the same age as George.

  He always says he won't be late but he always is.

  I've never done it and I never will.

  Even though she can't drive, she has bought a car.(not 'Even she can't drive...')

  I'll probably see you tomorrow. But even if I don't see you tomorrow, we're sure to see each other before the weekend.(not 'even I don't see you')

  Ann might phone tonight. I don't want to go out in case she phones.(=because it is possible she will phone)

  I'll draw a map for you in case you can't find our house.(=because it is possible you won't be able to find it)

  I don't think it will rain but I'll take an umbrella just in case.(We use in case for a smaller possibility)

  In case of fire, please leave the building as quickly as possible.(=if there is a fire)

  In case of emergency, telephone this number.

  Provided/Providing(that) she studies hard, she'll pass her exams.(=she must study hard-if she does this, she will pass)

  ====================================================================8.21

  I regard her as my best friend.

  I'll be in London next week. I hope to see Tom while I'm there.(not 'while I will be there')

  Unite 120~127 At/on/in用法

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